3. Plutonic rock.

5. Older. A batholith is an intrusive igneous rock. i.e. it intrudes into pre-existing rock.

6. Igneous rock, due to their volcanic origins.

8. Weathering and erosion continually change the surface features of the earth's surface.

9. Shale, sandstone, and conglomerate.

12. The deeper you dig, the finer the sediment. The finer sediments will filter down through the larger rocks.

13. Halite would be first since it contains NaCl, which dissolves easily in water. Quartz would be the last due to its resistance to mechanical as well as chemical breakdown.

15. Sedimentary rock. Petroleum is formed as a result of sediments being acted on by extreme pressure and temperature.

18. a) Gneiss, b) Quartzite, c) Slate, d) Marble, e) Schist