Species Native to Southeast Michigan

This listing is organized by each plant's reference overview.
Listings by common name and scientific name are also available. 


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Ferns

	

		
			Maidenhair fern - Adiantum pedatum
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Fern (Polypodiaceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 Perennial 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 30-50 cm 
		 Flower Color:   
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 N/A 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 N/A 
		 Conditions:  
		 Terrestrial 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 Full shade to partial shade 
		 Moisture:    
		 Moist to wet 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Northern lady fern - Athyrium filix-femina
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Woodsia (Woodsiaceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 Perennial 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 90 cm to 1.20 m 
		 Flower Color:   
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 N/A 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 N/A 
		 Conditions:  
		 Meadows, open thickets, moist woods, and occasionally swamps 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 Full shade to partial shade 
		 Moisture:    
		 Moist to Wet 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Goldie's woodfern - Dryopteris goldiana
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Dryopterida (Dryopteridaceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 24-48" 
		 Flower Color:   
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 N/A 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 N/A 
		 Conditions:  
		 Moist woods 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 N/A 
		 Moisture:    
		 Damp 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Wood or fancy fern - Dryopteris intermedia
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Dryopterida (Dryopteridaceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 Perennial 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 .5-1 m 
		 Flower Color:   
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 N/A 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 N/A 
		 Conditions:  
		 Wet or moist, acidic woods 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 Full shade to partial shade 
		 Moisture:    
		 Wet or moist 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Ostrich fern - Matteuccia struthiopteris
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Woodsia (Woodsiaceae or Aspleniaceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 Perennial 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 60-90 cm 
		 Flower Color:   
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 N/A 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 None 
		 Conditions:  
		 Mesic to wet-mesic upland forests, floodplain forests, wet thickets, wetlands, swamps, and lake borders 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 Full shade to partial shade 
		 Moisture:    
		 Moist to wet 
	

	

		 Edible. 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Sensitive fern - Onoclea sensibilis
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Dryopterida (Onocleaceae (Dryopteridaceae)) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 Perennial 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 30-60 cm 
		 Flower Color:   
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 N/A 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 N/A 
		 Conditions:  
		 Sandy Loam, Clay Loam, Medium Loam 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 Shade to semi-shade 
		 Moisture:    
		 Moist to wet 
	

	

		 Deciduous 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Cinnamon fern - Osmunda cinnamomea
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 N/A (Osmundaceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 Perennial 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 60 cm to 1.20 m 
		 Flower Color:   
		 None 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 N/A 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 N/A 
		 Conditions:  
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 Prefers full shade to partial shade or partial sun 
		 Moisture:    
		 Dry to moist 
	

	

		 In the North, it may be collected in spring and boiled like asparagus for eating 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Royal fern - Osmunda regalis
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 N/A (Osmundaceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 Perennial 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 60 cm to 1.80 m 
		 Flower Color:   
		 None 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 N/A 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 N/A 
		 Conditions:  
		 Moist woodlands, in marshes, swamps and sometimes on wet cliffs 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 Prefers full shade to partial shade or partial sun 
		 Moisture:    
		 Moist 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Christmas fern - Polystichum acrostichoides
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 N/A (N/A) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 Perennial 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 30-60 cm 
		 Flower Color:   
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 N/A 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 N/A 
		 Conditions:  
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 Shade to partial shade 
		 Moisture:    
		 Moist 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Bracken fern - Pteridium aquilinum
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 N/A (Dennstaedtiaceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 90 cm to 1.20 m 
		 Flower Color:   
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 N/A 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 N/A 
		 Conditions:  
		 Meadows, roadsides, clearings, sterile sandy soils, burns, avalanche tracks, dry to wet forests, acid sites such as lake-shores and bogs 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 Prefers partial shade or partial sun to full sun 
		 Moisture:    
		 Moist to wet 
	

	

		   
	


Flowers

	

		
			White Baneberry - Actaea pachypoda
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Buttercup (Ranunculaceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 1-2' (30-60 cm) 
		 Flower Color:   
		 white 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 1/4" (6 mm) wide 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 May-June 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 Shiny white berries, each with a black dot 
		 Conditions:  
		 Rich woods  and thickets 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 N/A 
		 Moisture:    
		 N/A 
	

	

		 The berries are poisonous to humans. 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Red Baneberry - Actaea rubra
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Buttercup (Ranunculaceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 1-2' (30-60 cm) 
		 Flower Color:   
		 white 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 1/4" wide (6 mm) 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 May-July 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 Clustered red berries on slender stalks 
		 Conditions:  
		 Woods and thickets 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 N/A 
		 Moisture:    
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Fruits are poisonous to humans, but a good food source for birds. 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Nodding Wild Onion - Allium cernuum
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Lily (Liliaceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 1-2' (30-60 cm) 
		 Flower Color:   
		 Lavender 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 1/4" (6 mm) long in clusters about 2 1/2" (6.3 cm) wide 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 July-September 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 3-lobed, crested capsule 
		 Conditions:  
		 Rocky slopes, prairies, and shore 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 N/A 
		 Moisture:    
		 N/A 
	

	

		 The bulbs are very strong but can be eaten raw or parboiled. 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Wild Leek, Ramp - Allium tricoccum
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Lily (Liliaceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 6-20"(15-50 cm) 
		 Flower Color:   
		 Creamy white 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 1/4" (6 mm) long in clusters about about 1 1/2 (3.8 cm) wide 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 June-July 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 3-lobed capsule 
		 Conditions:  
		 Rich, moist woods 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 N/A 
		 Moisture:    
		 N/A 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Canada Anemone - Anemone canadensis
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Buttercup (Ranunculaceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 4-10" (10-25 cm) 
		 Flower Color:   
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 1 1/2" (3.8 cm) 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 April-May 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 Seed-like, woolly, cylindrical head 
		 Conditions:  
		 Limestone soils 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 N/A 
		 Moisture:    
		 N/A 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Long-headed Thimbleweed - Anemone cylindrica
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Buttercup (Ranunculaceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 1 - 1 1/2' (30-45 cm) 
		 Flower Color:   
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 N/A 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 Long cylindrical cone, 1 1/2" (3.8 cm) long; Cottony plumed achene 
		 Conditions:  
		 Generally associated with limestone; hill and sand prairies; dry to mesic prairies; open woods 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 N/A 
		 Moisture:    
		 N/A 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Rue Anemone - Anemonella thalictroides
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Buttercup (Ranunculaceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 4-8" (10-20 cm) 
		 Flower Color:   
		 White 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 1" (2.5 cm) 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 April-June 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 N/A 
		 Conditions:  
		 Open woods 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 N/A 
		 Moisture:    
		 N/A 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Ever-lasting, Pussytoes - Antennaria neglecta
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Aster (Asteraceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 Perennial 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 2-4" 
		 Flower Color:   
		 Pink 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 N/A 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 May-June 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 N/A 
		 Conditions:  
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 Full Sun to Partial Sun 
		 Moisture:    
		 Low to Moderate moisture 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Spreading Dogbane - Apocynum androsaemifolium
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Dogbane (Apocynaceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 Perennial 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 1-4' (30-120 cm) 
		 Flower Color:   
		 Pink 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 1/3" (8 mm) wide 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 June-August 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 2 long, slender seed pods, 3-8" (7.5-20 cm), opening along one side, with seeds ending in a tuft of hair 
		 Conditions:  
		 Borders of dry woods, thickets, and fields; roadsides 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 N/A 
		 Moisture:    
		 N/A 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Wild Columbine - Aquilegia canadensis
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Buttercup (Ranunculaceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 Perennial 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 1-2' (30-60 cm) 
		 Flower Color:   
		 Red 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 1-2" (2.5-5 cm) long 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 April-July 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 Beaked, dry pod, splitting open along inner side 
		 Conditions:  
		 Rocky, wooded, or open slopes 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 Full sun to light shade 
		 Moisture:    
		 N/A 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Jack-in-the-Pulpit - Arisaema triphyllum
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Arum (Araceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 12" (30-90 cm) 
		 Flower Color:   
		 Purplish-brown, often streaked or mottled 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 2-3" (5-7.5 cm) long 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 April-June 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 Shiny red berries 
		 Conditions:  
		 Damp woods and swamps; needs rich soil 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 N/A 
		 Moisture:    
		 Damp 
	

	

		 The root has a strong ginger-like odor. 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Wild Ginger, Canada snakeroot - Asarum canadense
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Birthwort (Aristolochiaceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 Perennial 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 6-12" (15-30 cm) 
		 Flower Color:   
		 Red-brown to green-brown 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 1 1/2" wide (3.8 cm) 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 April-May 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 N/A 
		 Conditions:  
		 Rich woods or rich soil; Moist woods and limestone ledges 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 Shade 
		 Moisture:    
		 Wet location 
	

	

		 The root has a strong ginger-like odor.  Wild Ginger may be used as a shady woodland groundcover. 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Swamp Milkweed - Asclepias incarnata
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Milkweed (Asclepiadaceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 Perennial 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 1-4' (30-120 cm) 
		 Flower Color:   
		 Pink and white 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 1/4" (6 mm) 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 June-August 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 An elongated pod, 2-4" (5-10 cm) long, opening along one side 
		 Conditions:  
		 Swamps, shores, thickets 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 Full to filtered sun 
		 Moisture:    
		 Prefers being wet to moist, but mature plants have some tolerance to moderate (seasonal) dryness 
	

	

		 All parts are poisonous. 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Common Milkweed - Asclepias syriaca
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Milkweed (Asclepiadaceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 Perennial 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 2-6' (60-180 cm) 
		 Flower Color:   
		 Pink 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 1/2" (1.3 cm) 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 June-August 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 Rough-textured pod that splits open on one side, filled with many overlapping seeds, each covered with tuft of silky hairs 
		 Conditions:  
		 Old fields, roadsides, waste places 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 Full sun 
		 Moisture:    
		 Moderately (seasonally) dry 
	

	

		 Juice is watery, not milky. 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Butterfly Weed, Pleurisy Root - Asclepias tuberosa
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Milkweed (Asclepiadaceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 Perennial 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 1-2 1/2' (30-75 cm) 
		 Flower Color:   
		 Bright orange 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 3/8" (9 mm) 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 June-September 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 Spindle-shpaed, narrow, hairy, erect pods 
		 Conditions:  
		 Dry open soil, roadsides and fields 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 Sun or part shade 
		 Moisture:    
		 Moderately (seasonally) dry 
	

	

		 Juice is watery, not milky. 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Whorled milkweed - Asclepias verticillata
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Milkweed (Asclepiadaceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 1-2' 
		 Flower Color:   
		 White 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 Small 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 June-September 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 N/A 
		 Conditions:  
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 Full sun 
		 Moisture:    
		 Dry 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Sky Blue Aster - Aster azureus
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Sunflower (Asteraceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 1-4' (30-120 cm) 
		 Flower Color:   
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 N/A 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 Achenes with tufts of hair 
		 Conditions:  
		 Hill and sand prairies; moist to dry prairies; dry open woods 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 N/A 
		 Moisture:    
		 N/A 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Heath Aster - Aster ericoides
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Sunflower (Asteraceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 N/A 
		 Flower Color:   
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 N/A 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 N/A 
		 Conditions:  
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 N/A 
		 Moisture:    
		 N/A 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Smooth Aster - Aster laevis
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Sunflower (Asteraceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 Perennial 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 2-4' (60-120 cm) 
		 Flower Color:   
		 Lavender-blue ray and yellow disk 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 1" (2.5 cm) wide 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 August-October 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 Dry, 1-seeded, often with reddish bristles 
		 Conditions:  
		 Fields, open woods, roadsides 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 Full to filtered sun 
		 Moisture:    
		 Moist to dry 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Big Leaved Aster - Aster macrophyllus
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Sunflower (Asteraceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 Perennial 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 2-8' (60-152 cm) 
		 Flower Color:   
		 Lavender 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 1-2" (2.5-5 cm) 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 July-October 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 N/A 
		 Conditions:  
		 Dry open woods 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 N/A 
		 Moisture:    
		 N/A 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			New England Aster - Aster novae-angliae
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Sunflower (Asteraceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 Perennial 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 2-8' (60-240 cm) 
		 Flower Color:   
		 Bright lavender to purplish-blue 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 1-2" (2.5-5 cm) 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 August-October 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 N/A 
		 Conditions:  
		 Fields, prairies, swamps 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 Full to filtered sun 
		 Moisture:    
		 Damp to moderately (seasonally) dry 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Frost Aster - Aster pilosus
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Sunflower (Asteraceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 1-4' (30-120 cm) 
		 Flower Color:   
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 N/A 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 Achenes with tufts of hair 
		 Conditions:  
		 Hill and sand prairies; dry to mesic prairies; degreaded prairies; disturbed areas 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 N/A 
		 Moisture:    
		 N/A 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			White aster - Aster ptarmicoides
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Sunflower (Asteraceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 1-2' 
		 Flower Color:   
		 White 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 N/A 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 August-September 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 Achenes with tufts of hair 
		 Conditions:  
		 Hill and sand prairies; dry prairies; calcareous bluffs 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 Sun 
		 Moisture:    
		 Dry to mesic soil 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Red stem aster - Aster puniceus
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Sunflower (Asteraceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 Perennial 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 8' 
		 Flower Color:   
		 Blue to deep purple with yellow to red center 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 N/A 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 August-November 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 N/A 
		 Conditions:  
		 Wet meadows, river banks, and moist roadsides. 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 N/A 
		 Moisture:    
		 Obligate Wetland specie 
	

	

		 Provides nectar for butterflies, browse for deer 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Arrow aster - Aster sagittifolius
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Sunflower (Asteraceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 Perennial 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 N/A 
		 Flower Color:   
		 Blue, violet, white 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 N/A 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 Achene 
		 Conditions:  
		 Rocky woods, ravines, borders of thickets 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 N/A 
		 Moisture:    
		 Moist to dry 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Panicled aster - Aster simplex
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Sunflower (Asteraceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 Perennial 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 2-5' (60-150 cm) 
		 Flower Color:   
		 White, sometimes violet-tinged 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 N/A 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 August-October 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 N/A 
		 Conditions:  
		 Damp thickets, meadows, shores 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 N/A 
		 Moisture:    
		 N/A 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Flat-topped aster - Aster umbellatus
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Sunflower (Asteraceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 Perennial 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 1-7' (30-210 cm) 
		 Flower Color:   
		 White 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 1/2-3/4" (1.3-2 cm) 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 August-September 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 N/A 
		 Conditions:  
		 Moist thickets and woods; edge of swamps 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 N/A 
		 Moisture:    
		 Moist 
	

	

		 Has an extremely wide flat top. 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Marsh Marigold, Cowslip - Caltha palustris
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Buttercup (Ranunculaceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 1-2' (30-60 cm) 
		 Flower Color:   
		 Shiny yellow 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 1-1/2" (2.5-3.8 mm) wide 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 April-June 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 In a whorl, each fruit splitting open along one side (follicle) 
		 Conditions:  
		 Swamps, marshes, wet meadows, along streams and brooks 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 Part sun to shade 
		 Moisture:    
		 Wet to moist soils 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Harebell - Campanula rotundifolia
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Bluebell (Campanulaceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 Perennial 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 6-20" (15-50 cm) 
		 Flower Color:   
		 Blue 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 3/4" (2 cm) long 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 June-September 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 Nodding capsule 
		 Conditions:  
		 Rocky banks and slopes, meadows, and shores 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 Sun or partial shade 
		 Moisture:    
		 N/A 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Blue Cohosh - Caulophyllum thalictroides
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Barberry (Berberidaceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 12-18" (30-45 cm) 
		 Flower Color:   
		 Waxy white 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 1/2" (1.3 cm) 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 April-June 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 Deep blue berry-like seeds 
		 Conditions:  
		 Moist woods 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 N/A 
		 Moisture:    
		 N/A 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Turtlehead - Chelone glabra
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Snapdragon (Scrophulariaceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 Perennial 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 1-3' (30-90 cm) 
		 Flower Color:   
		 White, often lavender-tinged 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 1 - 1 1/2" (2.5-3.8 cm) long 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 July-September 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 N/A 
		 Conditions:  
		 Wet thickets, streambanks, low ground 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 Filtered sun to light shade 
		 Moisture:    
		 Wet to moist 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Field thistle - Cirsium discolor
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Sunflower (Asteraceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 Perennial, Biennial 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 N/A 
		 Flower Color:   
		 Violet 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 N/A 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 August-September 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 N/A 
		 Conditions:  
		 River bottom prairies and meadows, open woods, roadsides, along railroads, and degraded prairie remnants 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 N/A 
		 Moisture:    
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Goldfinches are fond of fruit 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Spring Beauty - Claytonia virginica
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Purslane (Portulacaceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 6-12" (15-30 cm) 
		 Flower Color:   
		 Pink or white 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 1/2 - 3/4" (1.3-2 cm) wide 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 March-May 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 Small capsule enclosed by two sepals 
		 Conditions:  
		 Moist woods, thickets, clearings; mesic prairies; savannas 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 N/A 
		 Moisture:    
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Grows from an edible underground tuber having a sweet, chestnut-like flavor. 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Lance-leaved coreopsis, Tickseed - Coreopsis lanceolata
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Sunflower (Asteraceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 Perennial 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 30-60 cm 
		 Flower Color:   
		 Yellow 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 5-6.3 cm wide 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 May-July 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 1-seeded, dry, winged, with 2 terminal scales 
		 Conditions:  
		 Hill and sand prairies; savannas; sandy or rocky soil, disturbed areas 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 N/A 
		 Moisture:    
		 N/A 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Toothwort - Dentaria laciniata
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Mustard (Brassicaceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 15-60 cm 
		 Flower Color:   
		 White or pink 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 2 cm wide 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 April-May 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 Narrow, upward-angled capsule 
		 Conditions:  
		 Moist low woodlands and damp thickets 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 N/A 
		 Moisture:    
		 N/A 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Showy tick-trefoil - Desmodium canadense
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Pea (Fabaceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 60-180 cm 
		 Flower Color:   
		 Pink or rose-purple 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 1.3 cm long on pidicels to 8 mm long 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 July-August 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 Hairy, segmented pod, with 3-5 joints 
		 Conditions:  
		 Dry to mesic prairies; moist open woods and field edges 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 N/A 
		 Moisture:    
		 N/A 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Dutchman's Breeches - Dicentra cucullaria
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Poppy (Papaveraceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 4-12" (10-30 cm) 
		 Flower Color:   
		 White 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 3/4" (2 cm) long 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 April-May 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 Oblong to linear capsule, opening to base into 2 parts when mature 
		 Conditions:  
		 Rich woods 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 N/A 
		 Moisture:    
		 N/A 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Common Fleabane, Philadelphia Fleabane, Philadelphia Daisy - Erigeron philadelphicus
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Sunflower (Asteraceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 Biennial 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 15-90 cm 
		 Flower Color:   
		 Pink, pale pink or white rays around a yellow disk 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 1.3-2.5 cm wide 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 April to August 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 N/A 
		 Conditions:  
		 Rich thickets, fields and open woods 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 N/A 
		 Moisture:    
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Burning Fleabane produces an oily smoke that repels insects.  Erigeron philadelphicus spreads by runners. 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			White trout lily - Erythronium albidum
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Lily (Liliaceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 10-25 cm 
		 Flower Color:   
		 White or (rarely) yellow 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 2.5 cm wide 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 March-June 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 Ovid capsule 
		 Conditions:  
		 Limestone-rich areas on wooded slopes; rich woods and meadows 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 N/A 
		 Moisture:    
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Most often seen in vast carpets of single leaves protruding from the forest floor and is often among the first to return following the planting of a lawn or other disturbance.  The plant grows from an edible bulb which enlarges and buries itself deeper in the ground as the plant matures. 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Spotted Joe-Pye Weed - Eupatorium maculatum
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Sunflower (Asteraceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 2-7" (60-180 cm) 
		 Flower Color:   
		 Magenta 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 1/3" (8 mm) in clusters 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 July-September 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 N/A 
		 Conditions:  
		 Damp meadows, thickets, shores 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 Part shade to sun 
		 Moisture:    
		 Wet to moist soil 
	

	

		 Grows taller in wetter soils 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Boneset - Eupatorium perfoliatum
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Sunflower (Asteraceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 2-4' (60-120 cm) 
		 Flower Color:   
		 Dull white 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 1/4" (6 mm) 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 July-October 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 N/A 
		 Conditions:  
		 Low woods and wet meadows 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 N/A 
		 Moisture:    
		 N/A 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Flowering spurge - Euphorbia corollata
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Spurge (Euphorbiaceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 Perennial 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 25-90 cm 
		 Flower Color:   
		 White 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 Bracted groups 9 mm wide 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 June-October 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 N/A 
		 Conditions:  
		 Dry open woods, fields, roadsides 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 N/A 
		 Moisture:    
		 Dry, dry-mesic, mesic 
	

	

		 Related to the Christmas Poinsettia. 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Wild Strawberry - Fragaria virginiana
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Rose (Rosaceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 Perennial 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 7.5-15 cm 
		 Flower Color:   
		 White 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 2 cm wide 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 April-June 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 Dry, seed-like, sunken within enlarged fleshy cone 
		 Conditions:  
		 Open fields, edges of woods; Wet to mesic prairies 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 N/A 
		 Moisture:    
		 Dry-mesic 
	

	

		 Fruit is edible; leaves are used for tea. 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Northern snow bedstraw - Galium boreale
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Bedstraw (Rubiaceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 Perennial 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 20-90 cm long 
		 Flower Color:   
		 White 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 6 mm wide 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 June-August 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 Dry, smooth or with short, straight hairs 
		 Conditions:  
		 Rocky soil, shores, streambanks 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 N/A 
		 Moisture:    
		 N/A 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Closed gentian - Gentiana andrewsii
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Gentian (Gentianaceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 Perennial 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 Aquatic 
		 Flower Color:   
		 White 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 1.3-2 cm long 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 July-September 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 N/A 
		 Conditions:  
		 Ponds and slow streams, in the coastal plain 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 N/A 
		 Moisture:    
		 Aquatic 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Wild Geranium - Geranium maculatum
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Geranium (Geraniaceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 Perennial 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 1'2' (30-60 cm) 
		 Flower Color:   
		 Lavender 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 1-1 1/2" (2.5-3.8 cm) wide 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 April-June 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 Elongated beaked capsule 
		 Conditions:  
		 Preferred soils are clay loam to sandy clay loams and sandy loams, of average to above-average fertility, and from slightly alkaline or neutral to slightly acidic. 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 Moderately shade tolerant 
		 Moisture:    
		 N/A 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Common sneeze-weed - Helenium autumnale
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Aster (Asteraceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 Perennial 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 60-150 cm 
		 Flower Color:   
		 Yellow 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 2.5-5 cm wide 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 August-November 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 N/A 
		 Conditions:  
		 Swamps and wet meadows 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 Full sun 
		 Moisture:    
		 Moist 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Woodland Sunflower - Helianthus divaricatus
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Sunflower (Asteraceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 N/A 
		 Flower Color:   
		 Yellow 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 N/A 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 N/A 
		 Conditions:  
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 Partial sun 
		 Moisture:    
		 Low moisture requirements 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Giant sunflower - Helianthus giganteus
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Aster (Asteraceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 Perennial 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 90-360 cm 
		 Flower Color:   
		 Yellow 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 Heads 3.8-7.5 cm wide 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 July-October 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 N/A 
		 Conditions:  
		 Swamps, wet thickets, and meadows 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 N/A 
		 Moisture:    
		 Moist 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Western sunflower - Helianthus occidentalis
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Aster (Asteraceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 Perennial 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 90-360 cm 
		 Flower Color:   
		 Yellow 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 N/A 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 July-September 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 N/A 
		 Conditions:  
		 Upland forest, prairie, sand prairie, savanna, agricultural fields 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 N/A 
		 Moisture:    
		 Dry to mesic 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Woodland Sunflower - Helianthus strumosus
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Sunflower (Asteraceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 3-7' (90-210 cm) 
		 Flower Color:   
		 Yellow 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 2 1/2 - 3 1/2" (6.3-9 cm) 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 August-September 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 N/A 
		 Conditions:  
		 Woods, thickets, and clearings 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 N/A 
		 Moisture:    
		 N/A 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Jerusalem artichoke - Helianthus tuberosus
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Aster (Asteraceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 Perennial 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 150-300 cm 
		 Flower Color:   
		 Golden yellow 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 Heads 7.5 cm wide 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 August-October 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 N/A 
		 Conditions:  
		 Sloughs; often in alluvial soils of valleys; waste ground; roads; railroads. 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 N/A 
		 Moisture:    
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Tubers eaten raw, cooked, or pickled.  Contain the carbohydrate inulin with the fruit sugar levulose, which can be eaten by diabetics.  Other possible uses- seeds-breadstuff, oil, soup, coffee substitute. 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Ox-Eye sunflower - Heliopsis helianthoides
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Aster (Asteraceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 Perennial 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 60-90 cm 
		 Flower Color:   
		 Yellow 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 N/A 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 July-August 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 N/A 
		 Conditions:  
		 Disturbed prairie remnants, woodland edges, open or rocky woods, and along railroads 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 Full sun to partial shade 
		 Moisture:    
		 Dry to moist 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Sharp-lobed Hepatica - Hepatica acutiloba
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Buttercup (Ranunculaceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 Perennial 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 5-18 cm 
		 Flower Color:   
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 12-25 mm 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 N/A 
		 Conditions:  
		 Gently rolling hills to bluffs and outcroppings, on soils of low fertility and low moisture-holding capacity (e.g. sandy loam) to calcareous moist upland wood 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 N/A 
		 Moisture:    
		 Dry to moist 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Round-lobed Hepatica - Hepatica americana
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Buttercup (Ranunculaceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 4-6" (10-15 cm) 
		 Flower Color:   
		 Pinkish, lavender-blue, or white 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 1/2-1" (1.3-2.5 cm) wide 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 March-June 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 Several, hairy, seed-like 
		 Conditions:  
		 Dry rocky woods 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 N/A 
		 Moisture:    
		 N/A 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Midland alumroot - Heuchera richardsonii
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Saxifrage (Saxifragaceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 Perennial 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 60-90 cm 
		 Flower Color:   
		 Yellowish-green 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 6 mm long 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 May-July 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 Capsule 
		 Conditions:  
		 Prairies, woods, shaded slopes and rocks 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 N/A 
		 Moisture:    
		 Dry to mesic 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Canada hawkweed - Hieracium canadense
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Aster (Asteraceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 Perennial 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 N/A 
		 Flower Color:   
		 Orange yellow 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 N/A 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 August-September 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 Achene 
		 Conditions:  
		 Sand barrens, upland forests 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 N/A 
		 Moisture:    
		 Dry to mesic 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Long-leaved bluets - Houstonia longifolia
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Madder (Rubiaceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 N/A 
		 Flower Color:   
		 White 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 N/A 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 N/A 
		 Conditions:  
		 Prairies 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 N/A 
		 Moisture:    
		 Mesic 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Virginia waterleaf - Hydrophyllum virginianum
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Waterleaf (Hydrophyllaceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 Perennial 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 30-75 cm 
		 Flower Color:   
		 White or dark violet 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 6-13 mm long 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 May-August 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 Capsule 
		 Conditions:  
		 Moist woods, clearings 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 N/A 
		 Moisture:    
		 Moist 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Great St. John's wort - Hypericum ascyron
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 St. Johnswort (Hypericaceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 N/A 
		 Flower Color:   
		 Yellow 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 N/A 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 N/A 
		 Conditions:  
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 N/A 
		 Moisture:    
		 Moist 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Dward Lake Iris - Iris lacustris
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Iris (Iridaceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 Perennial 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 7-8 cm 
		 Flower Color:   
		 Variable 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 N/A 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 N/A 
		 Conditions:  
		 Open lake shores 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 N/A 
		 Moisture:    
		 Damp (requires dry feet) 
	

	

		 Michigan's official wildflower 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Blue Flag Iris - Iris versicolor
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Iris (Iridaceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 Perennial 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 60-90 cm 
		 Flower Color:   
		 Violet-blue 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 6.3-10 cm wide 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 May-August 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 Bluntly 3-lobed, erect capsule 
		 Conditions:  
		 Swamps, marshes, wet shores 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 Full sun to light shade 
		 Moisture:    
		 Wet to damp 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Southern Blue Flag - Iris virginica
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Iris (Iridaceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 Perennial 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 to 60 cm 
		 Flower Color:   
		 Violet-blue 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 N/A 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 May-August 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 Bluntly 3-lobed, erect capsule 
		 Conditions:  
		 Swamps, marshes, wet shores 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 Full sun to light shade 
		 Moisture:    
		 Wet to damp 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Small Worled Pogonia - Isotria medeoloides
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Orchid (Orchidaceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 to 25 cm 
		 Flower Color:   
		 Yellowish-green 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 N/A 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 Late May, Early June 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 a capsule, erect, ellipsoid, about 2.5 cm long, and about 1 cm wide on a stalk nearly as long as the capsule 
		 Conditions:  
		 Mature mixed or hardwood forest 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 N/A 
		 Moisture:    
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Endangered 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Two-flowered Cynthia, False dandeloin - Krigia biflora
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Sunflower (Asteraceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 Perennial 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 30-60 cm 
		 Flower Color:   
		 Yellow-orange 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 Heads up to 3.8 cm wide 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 May-August 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 N/A 
		 Conditions:  
		 Open woods and meadows 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 N/A 
		 Moisture:    
		 N/A 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Bush clover - Lespedeza capitata
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Pea (Fabaceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 Perennial 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 N/A 
		 Flower Color:   
		 White 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 N/A 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 August-September 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 N/A 
		 Conditions:  
		 Along roads, open woods 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 N/A 
		 Moisture:    
		 N/A 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Rough Blazing Star - Liatris aspera
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Sunflower (Asteraceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 16-48" (40-120 cm) 
		 Flower Color:   
		 Bright lavender to purplish-blue 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 3/4" (2 cm) wide 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 August-October 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 N/A 
		 Conditions:  
		 Open plains and thin woods, in sandy soil 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 N/A 
		 Moisture:    
		 N/A 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Dwarf Blazing Star - Liatris cylindracea
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Sunflower (Asteraceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 1 1/2-4' (45-120 cm) 
		 Flower Color:   
		 Pinkish-purple 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 N/A 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 August-October 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 Aachenes with tufts of hair 
		 Conditions:  
		 Hill and sand prairies; mesic to dry prairies 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 N/A 
		 Moisture:    
		 N/A 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Michigan Lily, Turk's Cap Lily - Lilium michiganense
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Lily (Liliaceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 2-6' (60-180 cm) 
		 Flower Color:   
		 Yellow to orange-red 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 N/A 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 July-August 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 Capsules with plump seeds 
		 Conditions:  
		 Mesic to wet prairies; swales; woods 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 Sun to part shade 
		 Moisture:    
		 Wet to moist soils 
	

	

		 Sepals and petals cover backward until they touch the flower tube 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Wood lily - Lilium philadelphicum
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Lily (Liliaceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 Perennial 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 30-90 cm 
		 Flower Color:   
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 5 cm wide 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 June-August 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 N/A 
		 Conditions:  
		 Woods and thickets 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 N/A 
		 Moisture:    
		 Dry 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Hoary puccoon - Lithospermum canescens
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Borage (Boraginaceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 Perennial 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 15-45 cm 
		 Flower Color:   
		 Yellow-orange 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 1.3 cm wide 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 March-June 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 4 nutlets 
		 Conditions:  
		 Dry, rocky sites; edges of grasslands 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 N/A 
		 Moisture:    
		 Dry to moist 
	

	

		 Puccoon is an Indian name for a number of plants that yield colored dyes.  Red dye can be obtained from Lithospermum canescens' roots. 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Cardinal Flower - Lobelia cardinalis
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Bluebell (Campanulaceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 Perennial 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 60-240 cm 
		 Flower Color:   
		 Scarlet to deep red or white 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 3.8 cm long 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 July-September 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 Bluntly 3-lobed, erect capsule 
		 Conditions:  
		 Damp sites, especially along streams 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 Full sun to medium shade 
		 Moisture:    
		 Wet to moist, never dry 
	

	

		 Hummingbirds love this plant! 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Great Blue Lobelia - Lobelia siphilitica
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Bluebell (Campanulaceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 Perennial 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 30-120 cm 
		 Flower Color:   
		 Bright blue 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 2.5 cm long 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 August-September 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 N/A 
		 Conditions:  
		 Rich lowland woods and meadows, swamps, marshes, stream banks 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 Full Sun/Part Shade 
		 Moisture:    
		 Damp to moist 
	

	

		 More tolerant of dry conditions than Lobelia cardinalis. 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Spiked Lobelia - Lobelia spicata
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Bluebell (Campanulaceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 Perennial 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 30-120 cm 
		 Flower Color:   
		 Purplish-blue to bluish-white 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 8-13 mm long, 2-lipped 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 June-August 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 N/A 
		 Conditions:  
		 Fields, woodlands, and rich meadows; dry sandy soil 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 Full Sun/Part Shade 
		 Moisture:    
		 Dry 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Wild lupine - Lupinus perennis
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Pea (Fabaceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 Perennial 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 20-60 cm 
		 Flower Color:   
		 Blue 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 up to 1.6 cm long 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 April-July 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 Legumes with few seeds 
		 Conditions:  
		 Sand prairies, savannas, dunes, open woods, and fields 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 Full sun 
		 Moisture:    
		 Dry to moist 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Michigan Monkeyflower - Mimulus glabratus var. michiganensis
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Figwort (Scrophulariaceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 N/A 
		 Flower Color:   
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 N/A 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 N/A 
		 Conditions:  
		 Mucky soil and sand that is saturated or covered by cold, flowing spring water 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 N/A 
		 Moisture:    
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Endangered 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Monkeyflower - Mimulus ringens
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Snapdragon (Scrophulariaceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 Perennial 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 30-90 cm 
		 Flower Color:   
		 Blue-purple 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 2.5 cm long 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 June-September 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 N/A 
		 Conditions:  
		 Wet meadows and streambanks 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 N/A 
		 Moisture:    
		 Wet 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Miterwort - Mitella diphylla
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Saxifrage (Saxifragaceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 Perennial 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 20-45 cm 
		 Flower Color:   
		 White 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 4 mm 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 April-June 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 Miter-shaped capsule with black seeds exposed when pod splits open 
		 Conditions:  
		 Wooded ravines; rich, often rocky woods; stream banks 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 Shade 
		 Moisture:    
		 Mesic 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Oswego tea - Monarda didyma
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Mint (Lamiaceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 Perennial 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 60-150 cm 
		 Flower Color:   
		 Bright red 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 3.8 cm long 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 June-August 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 N/A 
		 Conditions:  
		 Moist woods and thickets, especially along streams 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 Sun to partial shade 
		 Moisture:    
		 Moist 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Wild Bergamot, Bee Balm - Mondara fistulosa
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Mint (Lamiaceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 Perennial 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 2-4' (60-120 cm) 
		 Flower Color:   
		 Pink 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 1" (2.5 cm) long 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 June-September 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 Nut 
		 Conditions:  
		 Dry fields, thickets, borders 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 N/A 
		 Moisture:    
		 Dry 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Evening primrose - Oenothera biennis
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Evening Primrose (Onagraceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 Perennial 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 60-150 cm 
		 Flower Color:   
		 Yellow 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 2.5-5 cm wide 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 June-September 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 Oblong capsule about 2.5 cm long 
		 Conditions:  
		 Waste ground, railroad ballast, open sand, and along roadsides 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 N/A 
		 Moisture:    
		 N/A 
	

	

		 The flowers of this night-flowering biennial open in the evening and close by noon. 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Ginseng, American Ginseng - Panax quinquefolius
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Genseng (Araliaceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 Perennial 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 8-24" (20-60 cm) 
		 Flower Color:   
		 Greenish-white 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 .1" (.25 cm) in width 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 May through August 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 A cluster of bright red berries 
		 Conditions:  
		 Cool, rich, moist woods 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 Shade 
		 Moisture:    
		 Ginseng will not tolerate wet soils but it does need occasional moisture 
	

	

		 The root is highly prized by the Chinese as a medicinal substance 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Wild quinine - Parthenium integrifolium
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 N/A (Compositae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 Perennial 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 2-3' 
		 Flower Color:   
		 White 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 N/A 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 June-September 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 N/A 
		 Conditions:  
		 Prairies, rock outcrops and roadsides in arid and semi-arid environments 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 Full sun 
		 Moisture:    
		 Well-drained 
	

	

		 The plant can cause dermatitis or allergies in sensitive people. 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Foxglove penstemon, White beardtongue - Penstemon digitalis
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Snapdragon (Scrophulariaceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 Perennial 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 2-4' (60-120 cm) 
		 Flower Color:   
		 White or pale pink 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 N/A 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 May-July 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 Capsules with tiny seeds 
		 Conditions:  
		 Fields, roadsides, railways; mesic prairies, woods 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 Full sun 
		 Moisture:    
		 Moderately (seasonally) dry 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Large-flowered beardtongue - Penstemon grandiflora
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Snapdragon (Scrophulariaceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 Perennial 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 2-4' (60-120 cm) 
		 Flower Color:   
		 Lavender 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 to 5 cm long 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 May-June 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 Capsules with tiny seeds 
		 Conditions:  
		 Woods and thickets 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 Full sun 
		 Moisture:    
		 Dry to moist 
	

	

		 Benefits from afternoon shade, and requires well-drained soil. 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Hairy Beardtongue - Penstemon hirsutus
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Snapdragon (Scrophulariaceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 Perennial 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 1-3' (30-90 cm) 
		 Flower Color:   
		 lavender with white lips 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 1" (2.5 cm) long 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 June-July 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 N/A 
		 Conditions:  
		 Dry or rocky ground 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 Full to filtered sun 
		 Moisture:    
		 Moderately (seasonally) dry 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Wild blue phlox, Wild sweet William - Phlox divaricata
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Phlox (Polemoniaceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 Perennial 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 10-20" (25-50 cm) 
		 Flower Color:   
		 Light blue 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 3/4 - 1 1/2" (2-3.8 cm) wide 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 April-June 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 N/A 
		 Conditions:  
		 Rich woods, fields 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 Full sun to light shade 
		 Moisture:    
		 N/A 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Downy phlox - Phlox pilosa
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 N/A (Polemoniaceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 Perennial 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 30-45 cm 
		 Flower Color:   
		 Lavender 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 N/A 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 Flowers borne mostly in mid- to late spring 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 N/A 
		 Conditions:  
		 Open woods, slopes and prairies 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 Partial sun to full sun 
		 Moisture:    
		 Moist to wet 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			False Dragonhead, Obedient Plant - Physostegia virginiana
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Mint (Lamiaceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 Perennial 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 1-4' (30-120 cm) 
		 Flower Color:   
		 Pink 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 3/4-1" (2-2.5 cm) long 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 June-September 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 N/A 
		 Conditions:  
		 Damp thickets, swamps, prairies 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 Sun to partial shade 
		 Moisture:    
		 Average (moist to dry) 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Pokeweed, Inkberry, Pigeonberry - Phytolacca americana
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Pokeweed (Phytolaccaceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 Perennial 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 1-3 m 
		 Flower Color:   
		 White 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 6 inch spikes of 1/4 inch flowers 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 July-September 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 A dark purple berry 
		 Conditions:  
		 Damp thickets, clearings, and roadsides 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 Full to filtered sun 
		 Moisture:    
		 Damp 
	

	

		 Most of the plant is poisonous, although young tender leaves may be eaten if they are thoroughly cooked with two exchanges of water. 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Mayapple, Mandrake - Podophyllum peltatum
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Barberry (Berberidaceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 Perennial 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 12-18" (30-45 cm) 
		 Flower Color:   
		 White to pale pink 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 2" (5 cm) wide 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 April-June 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 Large, fleshy, lemon-like berry 
		 Conditions:  
		 Rich woods and damp, shady clearings 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 Shade to part sun 
		 Moisture:    
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Excellent ground cover with large rounded leaves.  These umbrella shaped plants will form a colony.  The plant's solitary nodding flower is followed by a fruit.  The leaves, roots, and seeds are poisonous if ingested in large quantities.  The fruits are edible and can be used in jellies. 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Fringed Polygala, Gay-wings, Flowering-wintergreen - Polygala paucifolia
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Milkwort (Polygalaceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 N/A 
		 Flower Color:   
		 Bright magenta or pink-purple, rarely pure white 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 15-20 mm long 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 N/A 
		 Conditions:  
		 Mixed and coniferous woods 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 Shade to partial shade 
		 Moisture:    
		 N/A 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Wintergreen - Polygala sanguinea
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Milkwort (Polygalaceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 10-40 cm 
		 Flower Color:   
		 Varies from bright pink-magenta to white 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 N/A 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 N/A 
		 Conditions:  
		 Sandy fields, excavations, and borders of marshes 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 N/A 
		 Moisture:    
		 Dry to moist 
	

	

		 Stem is glabrous, solitary from a taproot 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Seneca snakeroot, Senega root - Polygala senega
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Milkwort (Polygalaceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 10-50 cm 
		 Flower Color:   
		 Greenish white or nearly pure white 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 N/A 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 Spring 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 N/A 
		 Conditions:  
		 Wooded, boggy, swampy, rocky, or prairie-like hibitats, also shores and banks 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 N/A 
		 Moisture:    
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Reputed to have medicinal purposes for a wide variety of disorders, including snakebite 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Wintergreen - Polygala verticillata
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Milkwort (Polygalaceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 10-40 cm 
		 Flower Color:   
		 Pink-magenta or greenish white 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 N/A 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 N/A 
		 Conditions:  
		 Sandy fields, shores, hillsides, woodlands 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 N/A 
		 Moisture:    
		 Moist to (usually) dry 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Smooth Solomon's Seal - Polygonatum biflorum
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Lily (Liliaceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 Perennial 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 8-36" (20-90 cm) 
		 Flower Color:   
		 Greenish-white 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 1/2-2/3" (1.3-1.6 cm) long 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 May-June 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 Blue-black berry 
		 Conditions:  
		 Dry to moist woods and thickets 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 Partial to heavy shade 
		 Moisture:    
		 Well-drained moist soil 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Prairie cinquefoil - Potentilla arguta
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Rose (Rosaceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 Perennial 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 120 cm 
		 Flower Color:   
		 Yellow or white 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 Small 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 July-August 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 N/A 
		 Conditions:  
		 Sandy loam or open rocky areas 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 Full sun to open shade 
		 Moisture:    
		 Fairly dry to dry 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Common Mountain Mint - Pycnanthemum virginianum
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Mint (Lamiaceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 Perennial 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 2-3' (60-90 cm) 
		 Flower Color:   
		 Whitish or pale lavender 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 N/A 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 Nutlets 
		 Conditions:  
		 Hill prairies; dry, mesic, wet prairies; fens 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 Prefers sun 
		 Moisture:    
		 N/A 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Early buttercup - Ranunculus fascicularis
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Buttercup (Ranunculaceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 Perennial 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 10-30 cm 
		 Flower Color:   
		 Yellow 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 N/A 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 Spring 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 N/A 
		 Conditions:  
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 N/A 
		 Moisture:    
		 N/A 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Black-Eyed Susan - Rudbeckia hirta
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Sunflower (Asteraceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 Biennial 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 1-3' (30-90 cm) 
		 Flower Color:   
		 Golden-yellow ray flowers, with disk flowers forming a dark brown central cone 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 2-3" (5-7.5 cm) wide 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 June-October 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 N/A 
		 Conditions:  
		 Fields, prairies, swamps 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 Full sun 
		 Moisture:    
		 Moist to moderately (seasonally) dry; established plants can tolerate extended drought conditions 
	

	

		 The Black-Eyed Susan is the state flower of Maryland. 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Green-headed Coneflower - Rudbeckia laciniata
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Sunflower (Asteraceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 Perennial 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 0.5-3 m 
		 Flower Color:   
		 Yellow ray flowers with a greenish-yellow disk 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 N/A 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 N/A 
		 Conditions:  
		 Stream banks, flood plains 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 Sun 
		 Moisture:    
		 N/A 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Grey-headed Coneflower - Rudbeckia pinnata
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Sunflower (Asteraceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 1 1/2-5' (45-150 cm) 
		 Flower Color:   
		 Yellow ray flowers with a greyish cone darkening to brown as ray flowers fall 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 Rays 1-2 1/2" (2.5-6 cm) long, disk cone 3/4" (2 cm) long 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 June-September 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 N/A 
		 Conditions:  
		 Dry woods and prairies 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 N/A 
		 Moisture:    
		 N/A 
	

	

		 When bruised, disk exudes an anise scent 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Bloodroot - Sanguinaria canadensis
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Poppy (Papaveraceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 Perennial 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 10" (25 cm) 
		 Flower Color:   
		 White with a golden-orange center 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 1 1/2" (3.8 cm) wide 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 March-May 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 2-parted capsule, pointed at both ends 
		 Conditions:  
		 Rich woodlands, along streams 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 N/A 
		 Moisture:    
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Roots and stem contain an acrid red-orange juice. 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Golden Ragwort - Senecio aureus
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Sunflower (Asteraceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 30-80 cm 
		 Flower Color:   
		 Yellow ray flowers with yellow disks 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 2 cm wide 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 April-July 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 N/A 
		 Conditions:  
		 Wet meadows, swamps, moist woods 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 N/A 
		 Moisture:    
		 Wet 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Balsam ragwort - Senecio pauperculus
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Sunflower (Asteraceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 10-70 cm 
		 Flower Color:   
		 Yellow 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 N/A 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 N/A 
		 Conditions:  
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 N/A 
		 Moisture:    
		 N/A 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Prairie Dock - Silphium terebinthinaceum
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Sunflower (Asteraceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 Perennial 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 1-3 m 
		 Flower Color:   
		 Yellow 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 5-8 cm 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 August-September 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 N/A 
		 Conditions:  
		 Prairies 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 Full sun 
		 Moisture:    
		 Moderately (seasonally) dry 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Blue-eyed Grass - Sisyrinchium albidum
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Iris (Iridaceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 4-12" (10-30 cm) 
		 Flower Color:   
		 Pale lavender 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 N/A 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 May-June 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 N/A 
		 Conditions:  
		 Prairies & dry, open spaces 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 Sun 
		 Moisture:    
		 Dry 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			False Solomon's Seal - Smilacina racemosa
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Lily (Liliaceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 2-6' (60-180 cm) 
		 Flower Color:   
		 White 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 1/8" (3 mm) long 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 May-July 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 Berry; at first green speckled with red, finally translucent, ruby-red 
		 Conditions:  
		 Woods and clearings 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 N/A 
		 Moisture:    
		 N/A 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Star-Flowered False Solomon's Seal - Smilacina stellata
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Lily (Liliaceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 2-6' (60-180 cm) 
		 Flower Color:   
		 White 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 1/4" (6 mm) long 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 May-July 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 Berry; at first with blackish-red stripes, eventually completely blackish-red 
		 Conditions:  
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 N/A 
		 Moisture:    
		 N/A 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Blue-stemmed Goldenrod - Solidago caesia
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Sunflower (Asteraceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 Perennial 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 1-3' (30-90 cm) 
		 Flower Color:   
		 Yellow 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 1/4" (6 mm) 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 August-October 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 N/A 
		 Conditions:  
		 Woods, thickets, clearings 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 N/A 
		 Moisture:    
		 N/A 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Lance-leaved goldenrod - Solidago graminifolia
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Aster (Asteraceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 Perennial 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 60-120 cm 
		 Flower Color:   
		 Yellow 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 5 mm long 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 July-October 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 N/A 
		 Conditions:  
		 Roadsides, fields, and thickets 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 N/A 
		 Moisture:    
		 N/A 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Gray goldenrod - Solidago nemoralis
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Aster (Asteraceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 Perennial 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 0.3-1 m 
		 Flower Color:   
		 Yellow 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 N/A 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 August-October 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 Achenes with tufts of hair 
		 Conditions:  
		 Remnants of dry prairie, Lake Michigan Dunes, sandy black-oak woods, leached or eroded slopes, open woods, roadsides, and railroads 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 N/A 
		 Moisture:    
		 Dry to mesic 
	

	

		 Does not cause allergies. 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Stiff Goldenrod - Solidago rigida
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Sunflower (Asteraceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 1-5' (30-150 cm) 
		 Flower Color:   
		 Dark yellow 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 1/3" (8 mm) 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 August-October 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 N/A 
		 Conditions:  
		 Prairies, thickets, open woods 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 N/A 
		 Moisture:    
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Deep-rooted 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Showy Goldenrod - Solidago speciosa
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Sunflower (Asteraceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 2-7' (60-210 cm) 
		 Flower Color:   
		 Yellow 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 1/4" (6 mm) long 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 August-October 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 Achenes with tufts of hair 
		 Conditions:  
		 Open woods, prairies, thickets; hill and sand prairies; dry to mesic prairies; open woods 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 N/A 
		 Moisture:    
		 Adaptable to various moisture regimes 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Elm-leaved goldenrod - Solidago ulmifolia
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Aster (Asteraceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 Perennial 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 N/A 
		 Flower Color:   
		 Deep yellow 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 N/A 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 August-October 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 N/A 
		 Conditions:  
		 Rocky open woods, moderately disturbed woodlands 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 N/A 
		 Moisture:    
		 Dry to mesic 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Steeplebush - Spiraea tomentosa
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Rose (Rosaceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 2-4' (60-120 cm) 
		 Flower Color:   
		 Pink 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 less than 1/4" (6 mm) 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 July-September 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 Small, dry, woody follicle in persisting clusters 
		 Conditions:  
		 Old fields, meadows, sterile low grounds 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 N/A 
		 Moisture:    
		 N/A 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Yellow pimpernel - Taenidia integerrima
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Carrot or Parsley (Apiaceae or Umbelliferae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 40-80 cm 
		 Flower Color:   
		 Yellow 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 N/A 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 N/A 
		 Conditions:  
		 Dry, sandy woods 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 N/A 
		 Moisture:    
		 N/A 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Goat's rue, Devil's shoestrings - Tephrosia virginiana
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Pea (Leguminosae (Fabaceae)) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 Perennial 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 20-70 cm 
		 Flower Color:   
		 Yellowish banner, pink wings 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 2 cm long 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 May-August 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 Narrow, whitish, hairy pod to 5 cm long 
		 Conditions:  
		 Sandy fields and woods 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 N/A 
		 Moisture:    
		 Dry 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Tall Meadow Rue, Purple Meadow Rue - Thalictrum dasycarpum
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Buttercup (Ranunculaceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 3-4' (90-120 cm) 
		 Flower Color:   
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 N/A 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 Achenes 
		 Conditions:  
		 Mesic to wet prairies; sedge meadows; streambanks 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 N/A 
		 Moisture:    
		 N/A 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Early Meadow Rue - Thalictrum dioicum
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Buttercup (Ranunculaceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 Dioecious perennial 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 1-3' (30-90 cm) 
		 Flower Color:   
		 Bright, glossy yellow 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 1" wide (2.5 cm) 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 April-July 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 Dry, seed-like, with winged margins and bird-like beaks, in a globose cluster 
		 Conditions:  
		 Moist woods, thickets, meadows; Early meadowrue commonly occurs on alluvial soils that range from well-drained sandy loams to poorly drained clays; however, it usually is found on well-drained soils.  It grows in moist open woods and is found on north-facing slopes, ledges, rocky areas, ravines, and near limestone outcrops. 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 Shade-tolerant 
		 Moisture:    
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Early meadowrue has a shallowly rooted caudex.  Foliage dies back to this rootstock each winter and resprouts in spring. 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Foamflower - Tiarella cordifolia
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Saxifrage (Saxifragaceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 Perennial 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 6-12" (15-30 cm) 
		 Flower Color:   
		 White 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 1/4" (6 mm) 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 April-June 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 Pair of capsules, each splitting along one side 
		 Conditions:  
		 Rich woods 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 Partial shade to shade 
		 Moisture:    
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Spreads by underground stems, forms colonies, makes an excellent groundcover for wooded sites 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Spiderwort - Tradescantia ohiensis
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Spiderwort (Commelinaceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 Perennial 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 1-3' (30-90 cm) 
		 Flower Color:   
		 Rose to blue 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 1-2" (2.5-5 cm) wide 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 April-July 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 Capsules 
		 Conditions:  
		 Roadsides and wet meadows: hill, gravel, and sand prairies; dry, mesic, wet prairies; savannas 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 N/A 
		 Moisture:    
		 Drought resistant 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Large-flowered Trillium - Trillium grandiflorum
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Lily (Liliaceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 Perennial 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 6-24"(15-60 cm) 
		 Flower Color:   
		 Waxy white 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 2-3" (5-7.5 cm) 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 April-May 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 Red berry 
		 Conditions:  
		 Rich woods, thickets, usually basic or neutral soils 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 Requires full to filtered sun in spring, shade afterwards 
		 Moisture:    
		 N/A 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Large-flowered Bellwort, Large Marybells - Uvularia grandiflora
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Lily (Liliaceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 Perennial 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 20" (30 cm) 
		 Flower Color:   
		 Yellow 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 1 1/2" (4 cm) 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 April-June 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 3-angled capsule similar to a beechnut 
		 Conditions:  
		 Calcerous soils of rich woods 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 Heavy shade 
		 Moisture:    
		 Damp 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Blue Vervain - Verbena hastata
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Vervain (Verbenaceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 2-6' (60-180 cm) 
		 Flower Color:   
		 Blue-violet 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 1/8" (3 mm) 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 July-September 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 N/A 
		 Conditions:  
		 Damp thickets, shores, roadsides, wet meadows 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 Sun 
		 Moisture:    
		 N/A 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Hoary Vervain - Verbena stricta
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Vervain (Verbenaceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 2-10' (60-300 cm) 
		 Flower Color:   
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 1/2" (1.3 cm) 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 Nutlets 
		 Conditions:  
		 Hill prairies; dry prairies; degraded prairies; pastures; fields 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 N/A 
		 Moisture:    
		 N/A 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Ironweed - Vernonia fasciculata
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Sunflower (Asteraceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 Perennial 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 2-5' (60-150 cm) 
		 Flower Color:   
		 Dark magenta 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 N/A 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 July-September 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 N/A 
		 Conditions:  
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 Sun 
		 Moisture:    
		 Wet to mesic soil 
	

	

		 Large and showy, but too aggressive for small spaces 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Missouri Ironweed - Vernonia missurica
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Aster (Asteraceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 Perennial 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 N/A 
		 Flower Color:   
		 Violet or white 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 N/A 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 July-August 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 N/A 
		 Conditions:  
		 Wooded swamps, low meadows, waste places, overgrazed pastures and degraded prairies 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 N/A 
		 Moisture:    
		 Mesic 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Culver's Root - Veronicastrum virginicum
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Snapdragon (Scrophulariaceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 Perennial 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 3-6' (90-180 cm) 
		 Flower Color:   
		 White 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 1/4" (6 mm) long 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 June-September 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 Ovid capsule 
		 Conditions:  
		 Moist woods, thickets, meadows; mesic to wet prairies 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 N/A 
		 Moisture:    
		 N/A 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Common blue violet - Viola papilionacea
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Violet (Violaceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 3-8" (7.5-20 cm) 
		 Flower Color:   
		 Deep violet-purple 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 1/2 - 3/4" (1.3-2 cm) 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 March-June 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 3-valved capsule 
		 Conditions:  
		 Damp woods, moist meadows, roadsides 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 N/A 
		 Moisture:    
		 N/A 
	

	

		 This member of the Violet family (Violacaea) has traditional pansy-like flowers.  The flowers and leaves are on separate stalks.  Violets are said to prefer damp woods, moist meadows, and roadsides, however in my yard, it's favorite spot appears to be between the concrete paving stones of the patio. 
	

	

		   
	

	

		
			Golden Alexanders - Zizia aurea
		
	

	

		 Family: 
		 Parsley (Apiaceae) 
		 Lifespan: 
		 N/A 
	

	

		 Height:  
		 1-3' (30-90 cm) 
		 Flower Color:   
		 Bright yellow 
	

	

		 Flower Size:   
		 2" (5 cm) wide 
		 Bloom Season:  
		 April-June 
	

	

		 Fruit:  
		 Nutlets 
		 Conditions:  
		 Meadows, shores, moist woods and thickets 
	

	

		 Sunlight:    
		 N/A 
		 Moisture:    
		 N/A